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Is a soft landing in the bag?

According to U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen economists who predicted that a sustained period of high U.S. unemployment—and perhaps even recession—would be needed to bring down inflation are now “eating their words”. This follows earlier comments by Ms. Yellen last month that a soft landing is “on track.” Claudia Sahm, a US macroeconomist, agrees. In an interview with the FT earlier this month, she says:

The soft landing is not here yet. But it is in the bag.

Markets seem to agree with the assessment by the Treasury Secretary and Ms Sahm; bonds have rallied like a bat of hell in the past month—temporarily pegged back by a semi-hot NFP report on Friday—and equities are in a good mood too. November, I am reliably told by the financial media, was the best month for a standard 60/40 portfolio … ever. And why wouldn’t markets be celebrating? Inflation in the developed world is now falling rapidly, and what was a significant inflation shock in core prices has now been turned on its head, as the charts below show.

The case for reading old economists and the elephant in the room in EM equities

I hope you’re enjoying the 2023 Chat-GPT advent calendar even if it is quite a deviation from the content normally posted here. Fret not, I will pepper the flow of advent stories with some economics, and a lookahead to markets next year.

I really enjoyed @EconTalker's conversation with @tylercowen, the founder of the most widely read economics blog out there, reminding us that there is still value in reading the grand old masters of economics. I enjoyed re-reading most of Keynes’ the General Theory for my essay on fiscal policy, and it was also fun to remind myself about Milton Friedman’s permanent-income-hypothesis for the essay on the life cycle hypothesis. But in reality, I fall foul of Tyler’s accusation of an economist who is probably not as well acquainted with the classics as I should be. I have read very little of Smith for example, I find Hayek very difficult to read, and as an economist interested in demographics, I also regret to say that I have only read few parts of Malthus in the primary versions. Fortunately for me and others, Tyler has made his new his new book—"GOAT" of economics—freely available, and I am looking forward to dig in over Christmas.

The great (bear) steepening

Everyone is talking about the sell-off in bonds these days. Yields on the US 10-year benchmark is up nearly 150bp since April, within touching distance of 5%, and 30-year yields are now just over 5%, up from 3.7% in April. With the two-year yield up just 100bp over the same period, the curve has bear steepened by 50bp, and is now looking to un-invert due principally to a sell-off in long bonds, contrary to widespread expectations of bull-steepening via a rally in the front end. The 2s10s is still inverted by around 17p , but the 2s30s is now—as far as I can see from the close on Friday the 20th of October—just about positive. No wonder that the long bond is on everyone’s mind. Sustained bear-steepening during inversions are rare sights in G7 bond markets, so when they are spotted in the wild, they tend to grab the attention and imagination of investors and analysts. But what does it mean? Put on the spot, I’d say that bond market volatility is underpriced.

Goldilocks

Someone has to say it, and it might as well be me. Markets have a distinct goldilocks feel about them at the moment, or in the words of the FT’s editors; markets are beginning to eye the “immaculate disinflation”, which is a prerequisite for a soft landing. This is a story about two trends; easing inflation and economies which are, well… neither too hot nor too cold. Soft US and UK inflation reports for the month of June have been key catalysts for the change in mood. Headline CPI inflation in the US fell to a two-year low of 3.0%, with core inflation dropping by 0.5pp, to 4.8%, a 20-month low. In the UK, meanwhile, headline inflation slipped to 7.9%, from 8.7% in May, while core inflation dipped by 0.2pp, to 6.9%. These numbers don’t exactly scream goldilocks, but markets trade at the margin of the economic data; it is the direction of travel that matters.

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