It’s been a while since I ran through my favourite charts for the global economy. I am happy to report that nothing much seems to have changed since my last overview. Markets are still enjoying a soft landing, defined as a world in which inflation is drifting lower, even if still-sticky in key areas, the global economy and labour markets remain unencumbered, and monetary policy is on track to ease modestly. More immediately, a run of softish inflation data in the US, rising jobless claims—despite still solid non-farm payrolls—and the return of political uncertainty in Europe have driven a bond rally in the past few weeks, and raised questions about the strength of the US economy. As a result, markets are now pricing in slightly more aggressive near-term policy easing from the major central banks. In the US, SOFR futures imply 75bp worth of easing from the Fed this year, and similarly for the ECB, which includes the 25bp cut that the Bank delivered last month. Yields also have softened in the UK. The consensus expects a second rate cut from the ECB in September, at which point markets believe Frankfurt will be joined by the BOE—with many speculating on an August cut from Bailey et al—and the Fed. The first chart below plots the implied policy path for the Fed and ECB using SOFR and Euribor, respectively. This is a pleasant picture overall. Rates will remain higher than immediately before the twin-shock of Covid and an inflationary shift geopolitics, but they’re still on track to come down some 150bp from their highs.
Read MoreFinancial market pundits are a bit like dogs chasing cars; they wouldn’t know what to do if they caught one. And so it is that after trying to figure out whether the economy and markets would achieve a soft landing in the wake of the post-Covid tightening cycle, no one quite knows what to think now that the soft landing appears to have arrived.
Let’s list the key requirements for a soft landing.
Read MoreSomeone has to say it, and it might as well be me. Markets have a distinct goldilocks feel about them at the moment, or in the words of the FT’s editors; markets are beginning to eye the “immaculate disinflation”, which is a prerequisite for a soft landing. This is a story about two trends; easing inflation and economies which are, well… neither too hot nor too cold. Soft US and UK inflation reports for the month of June have been key catalysts for the change in mood. Headline CPI inflation in the US fell to a two-year low of 3.0%, with core inflation dropping by 0.5pp, to 4.8%, a 20-month low. In the UK, meanwhile, headline inflation slipped to 7.9%, from 8.7% in May, while core inflation dipped by 0.2pp, to 6.9%. These numbers don’t exactly scream goldilocks, but markets trade at the margin of the economic data; it is the direction of travel that matters.
Read MoreIt’s pretty rough out there in financial markets. Stocks are still falling, notwithstanding the odd counter rally here and there, and yields are still rising, leaving investors with little in the way of a place to hide. I think it is relatively simple to explain what’s going on, in general terms. Before the pandemic, markets were propelled higher by low inflation, low bond yields and plenty of monetary accommodation. Running the economy hot was not just relatively cheap—in terms of the classic trade-off between stocking growth and employment and inflation—it was the right thing to do. I mean, you wouldn’t want unemployment to rise, would you? The initial roaring rebound in markets from the initial Covid shock in spring 2020, promised a quick return to “normal”. It didn’t last.
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